PTC Study Charts Increase in TV Profanity

The Parents Television Council reports that a new analysis of TV programming shows that profanity during primetime broadcast television not only has increased since 1998, but that harsher profanity has quickly risen in prominence and pervasiveness.

More than a quarter of the expletives a child will hear on TV today will be the exact words or some form of "fuck," "shit," or "bitch," that air unbleeped or partially-bleeped on broadcast television, the watchdog group claims.

This Parents Television Council analysis of foul language on television is based on all primetime entertainment programming (sports and news programs excluded) on the major broadcast networks (ABC, CBS, Fox, NBC, CW, My Network TV, UPN and WB) between 1998 and 2007.  Every instance of unbleeped or partially-bleeped foul language selected for this analysis was recorded in and retrieved from the PTC's custom-designed Entertainment Tracking System (ETS) database and sorted by word, year, network and timeslot.

PTC President Tim Winter said, "Our research is shocking and especially troubling to parents.  Not only are harsher profanities like the f-word and s-word airing during hours when children are likely to be in the viewing audience, but they are airing with greater frequency.  There is certainly no ‘chilling' effect on broadcast television as the networks like to claim.  The opposite has occurred: broadcast standards have become so permissive that the term is now an oxymoron.

"Our results show that when an expletive is introduced on television, usage of the word becomes commonplace in fairly short order.  Then the broadcast networks feel the need to up the ante with even more offensive profanity.  The result is that there is a significant increase in the overall use of profanity on the public airwaves, and an escalation in the offensiveness of the words used.  While certain expletives may become ‘commonplace' to network executives, they must keep in mind that most parents do not want their children bombarded by those words during hours when they're most likely to be in the audience."

PTC listed the major findings:

1.  Not only has the quantity of profanity increased dramatically on primetime broadcast television, but the trend is towards using even harsher words. Milder profanities like "hell" and "damn" would have been unthinkable to air on programs aimed at family audiences in the 1950s.  Today, the types of profanities and the frequency of their usage have dramatically changed.  If one harsh expletive is allowed to air during primetime, the likelihood increases that that word will air with more frequency within a network and across networks.

• In total, nearly 11,000 expletives (hell, damn, ass, piss, screw, bitch, bastard, suck, crap, shit, and fuck) were aired during primetime on broadcast TV in 2007 -- nearly twice as many as in 1998.
  
• Milder expletives like hell, damn, crap, etc., are starting to take a back seat to harsher words.  In 1998, 92% of the foul language on TV was comprised of milder expletives.  In 2007, 74% of the foul language could be categorized as mild, however, more than a quarter of the expletives a child will hear on TV today will be some form of the f-word, s-word, or the b-word.
  
• The f-word aired only one time on primetime broadcast TV in all of 1998 -- yet it appeared 1,147 times on primetime broadcast TV in 2007 on 184 different programs.
  
• The s-word, which appeared only two times in 1998, aired 364 times in 2007 on 133 different programs.
  
• Usage of the b-word on primetime television has increased 196% from 1998 to 2007 (431 to 1,277).  The number of programs using the b-word likewise increased from 103 in 1998 to 685 in 2007.
  
• The f-word first aired on a UPN show in 1998 at 8 p.m.  In 1999, the number of times the f-word aired on broadcast television during primetime increased to 11.

2.  Harsh profanity is becoming more commonplace at earlier times of the day. Profanity is no longer confined to the latest hours of primetime where the viewing audience is primarily comprised of adults.

• In 2007, 52% of the programs that contained the f-word and 55% of the programs that contained the s-word aired during the 8 p.m. Family Hour.
  
• In 2007, the f-word aired in 96 shows during the 8 p.m. hour.  CBS and Fox accounted for almost 60% of all shows airing this expletive.
  
• In 1998, no shows on broadcast television aired the s-word at 8 p.m. or 9 p.m.  By 2007, the s-word appeared in 73 shows at 8 p.m. and 52 shows at 9 p.m.  Fox and ABC accounted for 77% of the shows airing the word during the 9 p.m. hour (46% and 31% respectively).

3.  The V-chip ratings and content descriptors are wholly inadequate to protect children and families from this barrage of offensive language. 

• Nearly a quarter (24%) of the programs that aired the f-word and 25% of the programs that aired the s-word in 2007 did not carry the L-descriptor, which would have triggered the mechanism in the V-chip to allow families who do not wish to be exposed to such content to block the programs from coming into their homes.
  
• In 2007, 29% of programs aired the b-word without an L-descriptor, which was more frequent than the f-word and s-word.  This may indicate a growing comfort with the word in the networks' standards and practices departments and their failure to even recognize the word as offensive.